Open AccessEchinococcus in wild canids in Québec (Canada) and Maine (USA)
Author(s) -
Janna M. Schurer,
Émilie Bouchard,
Ann Bryant,
Sarah Revell,
Grace J. Chavis,
Anne Lichtenwalner,
Emily Jenkins
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
plos neglected tropical diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.99
H-Index - 135
eISSN - 1935-2735
pISSN - 1935-2727
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006712
Subject(s) - echinococcus multilocularis , biology , wildlife , zoology , mitochondrial dna , range (aeronautics) , metacestode , ecology , echinococcosis , veterinary medicine , cestoda , helminths , gene , genetics , medicine , materials science , composite material
Zoonotic Echinococcus spp. cestodes ( E . canadensis and E . multilocularis ) infect domestic animals, wildlife, and people in regions of Canada and the USA. We recovered and quantified Echinococcus spp. cestodes from 22 of 307 intestinal tracts of wild canids (23 wolves, 100 coyotes, 184 red and arctic foxes) in the state of Maine and the province of Québec. We identified the species and genotypes of three Echinococcus spp. cestodes per infected animal by sequencing mitochondrial DNA at two loci. We further confirmed the absence of E . multilocularis by extracting DNA from pools of all cestodes from each animal and running a duplex PCR capable of distinguishing the two species. We detected E . canadensis (G8 and G10), but not E . multilocularis , which is emerging as an important human and animal health concern in adjacent regions. Prevalence and median intensity of E . canadensis was higher in wolves (35%, 460) than coyotes (14%, 358). This parasite has historically been absent in Atlantic regions of North America, where suitable intermediate hosts, but not wolves, are present. Our study suggests that coyotes are serving as sylvatic definitive hosts for E . canadensis in Atlantic regions, and this may facilitate eastward range expansion of E . canadensis in the USA and Canada. As well, compared to wolves, coyotes are more likely to contaminate urban green spaces and peri-urban environments with zoonotic parasites.