Open AccessMultiple Pathogens Including Potential New Species in Tick Vectors in Côte d’Ivoire
Author(s) -
Cyrille Bilé Ehounoud,
Koffi Clément Yao,
Mustapha Dahmani,
Yaba Louise Achi,
Nadia Amanzougaghene,
Adèle Kacou N’Douba,
Jean David N’Guessan,
Didier Raoult,
Florence Fénollar,
Oleg Mediannikov
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plos neglected tropical diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.99
H-Index - 135
eISSN - 1935-2735
pISSN - 1935-2727
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004367
Subject(s) - biology , amblyomma variegatum , borrelia , anaplasma , candidatus , anaplasmataceae , hyalomma , virology , ehrlichia , ehrlichia chaffeensis , tick , tick borne disease , rhipicephalus , rickettsiales , microbiology and biotechnology , ixodidae , 16s ribosomal rna , borrelia burgdorferi , bacteria , genetics , antibody , immunology
Background Our study aimed to assess the presence of different pathogens in ticks collected in two regions in Côte d’Ivoire. Methodology/Principal Findings Real-time PCR and standard PCR assays coupled to sequencing were used. Three hundred and seventy eight (378) ticks (170 Amblyomma variegatum , 161 Rhipicepalus microplus , 3 Rhipicephalus senegalensis , 27 Hyalomma truncatum , 16 Hyalomma marginatum rufipes , and 1 Hyalomma impressum ) were identified and analyzed. We identified as pathogenic bacteria, Rickettsia africae in Am . variegatum (90%), Rh . microplus (10%) and Hyalomma spp. (9%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma spp. (23%), Rickettsia massiliae in Rh . senegalensis (33%) as well as Coxiella burnetii in 0.2%, Borrelia sp. in 0.2%, Anaplasma centrale in 0.2%, Anaplasma marginale in 0.5%, and Ehrlichia ruminantium in 0.5% of all ticks. Potential new species of Borrelia , Anaplasma , and Wolbachia were detected. Candidatus Borrelia africana and Candidatus Borrelia ivorensis (detected in three ticks) are phylogenetically distant from both the relapsing fever group and Lyme disease group borreliae; both were detected in Am . variegatum . Four new genotypes of bacteria from the Anaplasmataceae family were identified, namely Candidatus Anaplasma ivorensis (detected in three ticks), Candidatus Ehrlichia urmitei (in nine ticks), Candidatus Ehrlichia rustica (in four ticks), and Candidatus Wolbachia ivorensis (in one tick). Conclusions/Significance For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of different pathogens such as R . aeschlimannii , C . burnetii , Borrelia sp., A . centrale , A . marginale , and E . ruminantium in ticks in Côte d’Ivoire as well as potential new species of unknown pathogenicity.