Nanohole-templated organic light-emitting diodes fabricated using laser-interfering lithography: moth-eye lighting

We describe the architecture, fabrication, and electro-optical characteristics of a two-dimensional (2D), periodic, highly ordered array of subwavelength scale organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A 2D nanohole array template was introduced onto a patterned ITO glass substrate by two-step irradiated hologram lithography and reactive ion etching, and then a 2D nanohole OLED array was prepared by following typical OLED fabrication procedures. Our analysis of the electro-optical characteristics of this device showed that shrinking the OLEDs to sub-wavelength scale has only a minimal effect on their optical properties. We also used the Bragg scattering effect to confirm the compounding of the millions of ~220 nm OLED light sources to form 2D periodic nanohole emission by comparing the angular dependence of the emission spectrum of the OLED array with that of a conventional OLED.