Open AccessHigh efficiency Fresnel lens design and fabrication in a two-stage photopolymer
Author(s) -
John Hergert,
David J. Glugla,
Amy C. Sullivan,
Marvin D. Alim,
Robert R. McLeod
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
optics letters/optics index
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.524
H-Index - 272
eISSN - 1071-2763
pISSN - 0146-9592
DOI - 10.1364/ol.44.001540
Subject(s) - optics , fresnel lens , fabrication , photopolymer , materials science , fresnel number , lens (geology) , fresnel equations , fresnel zone , refractive index , diffraction efficiency , physics , holography , diffraction , polymer , medicine , composite material , polymerization , alternative medicine , pathology
We show the design and fabrication of high diffraction efficiency, optically recorded gradient-index Fresnel lenses in a two-stage photopolymer. A design analysis reveals that lens f/# is limited by the material refractive index contrast, motivating use of recent high-contrast polymers. The number of pixels required for the optical exposure is typically well beyond available spatial light-modulator resolutions, motivating the use of a photolithographic mask. We use a dithered binary chrome mask with 9000×9000 pixels of 2.5 μm diameter to write lenses up to 23 mm in diameter. Lenses down to f/44 with 76% diffraction efficiency and f/79 with 83% diffraction efficiency are demonstrated.