Multivariate analysis of x-ray scattering using a stochastic source

The normalization of scattered intensity by incident flux is a crucial step in analyzing data from stochastic x-ray free electron laser sources and is complicated by non-linearities traditionally attributed to detector saturation. Here we show that such non-linearities can also arise when the sample spectra are non-uniform within the monochromator bandwidth. A method for modeling and removing this non-linearity using multivariate regression with shot-by-shot x-ray photon energy as an independent variable is presented. This approach demonstrates the benefit of event building and will allow for a reconsideration of data which has proven challenging to normalize.