Study on the polarization dependence of nonlinear absorption of ultrafast laser pulses in bulk fused silica

By studying the nonlinear absorption of ultrafast laser pulses in fused silica, we examine, both with experiments and numerical simulations, the different polarization dependence of multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization. Results show multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization play different roles in femtosecond and picosecond laser micromachining, and the contribution via avalanche ionization increases with pulse duration. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of the free carriers generated by circularly polarized pulses is more concentrated than those generated by linear polarization for picosecond laser pulses. These properties make the circular polarized ultrafast laser a possible way to improve the ultrafast laser micromachining efficiency and spatial quality, and can help to reduce some problematic nonlinear effects in ultrafast laser micromachining of low energy band materials.