Open AccessSynchronization-free top-down illumination photometric stereo imaging using light-emitting diodes and a mobile device
Author(s) -
Emma Le Francois,
Johannes Herrnsdorf,
Jonathan J. D. McKendry,
Laurence Broadbent,
Glynn C. Wright,
Martin D. Dawson,
Michael J. Strain
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.408658
Subject(s) - optics , light emitting diode , structured light , computer science , diode , white light , physics , iterative reconstruction , modulation (music) , synchronization (alternating current) , computer vision , artificial intelligence , optoelectronics , telecommunications , channel (broadcasting) , acoustics
Three dimensional reconstruction of objects using a top-down illumination photometric stereo imaging setup and a hand-held mobile phone device is demonstrated. By employing binary encoded modulation of white light-emitting diodes for scene illumination, this method is compatible with standard lighting infrastructure and can be operated without the need for temporal synchronization of the light sources and camera. The three dimensional reconstruction is robust to unmodulated background light. An error of 2.69 mm is reported for an object imaged at a distance of 42 cm and with the dimensions of 48 mm. We also demonstrate the three dimensional reconstruction of a moving object with an effective off-line reconstruction rate of 25 fps.