Open AccessJoint electromagnetic and ray-tracing simulations for quad-pixel sensor and computational imaging
Author(s) -
Guillaume Chataignier,
B. Vandame,
Jacques Vaillant
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.27.030486
Subject(s) - pixel , ray tracing (physics) , computer science , optics , microlens , autofocus , image sensor , catadioptric system , computer vision , lens (geology) , artificial intelligence , physics , focus (optics)
Since Canon released the first dual-pixel autofocus in 2013, this technique has been used in many cameras and smartphones. Quad-pixel sensors, where a microlens covers 2x2 sub-pixels, will be the next development. In this paper we describe the design for such sensors; related wave optics simulations; and results, especially in terms of angular response. Then we propose a new method for mixing wave optics simulations with ray tracing simulations in order to generate physically accurate synthetic images. Those images are useful in a co-design approach by linking the pixel architecture, the main lens design and the computer vision algorithms.