Wavelength-time coding for multispectral 3D imaging using single-photon LiDAR

Single-photon multispectral light detection and ranging (LiDAR) approaches have emerged as a route to color reconstruction and enhanced target identification in photon-starved imaging scenarios. In this paper, we present a three-dimensional imaging system based on a time-of-flight approach which is capable of simultaneous multispectral measurements using only one single-photon detector. Unlike other techniques, this approach does not require a wavelength router in the receiver channel. By observing multiple wavelengths at each spatial location, or per pixel (four discrete visible wavelengths are used in this work), we can obtain a single waveform with wavelength-to-time mapped peaks. The time-mapped peaks are created by the known chromatic group delay dispersion in the laser source's optical fiber, resulting in temporal separations between these peaks being in the region of 200 to 1000 ps, in this case. A multispectral single waveform algorithm was proposed to fit these multiple peaked LiDAR waveforms, and then reconstruct the color (spectral response) and depth profiles for the entire image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dedicated computational method operating in the photon-starved regime capable of discriminating multiple peaks associated with different wavelengths in a single pixel waveform and reconstructing spectral responses and depth.