Open AccessMagnetometry for precision measurement using frequency-modulation microwave combined efficient photon-collection technique on an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Author(s) -
Zhanfang Ma,
Shaowen Zhang,
Yueping Fu,
Hua Yuan,
Yunbo Shi,
Jian Gao,
Li Q,
Jun Tang,
Jun Liu,
Yanjun Li
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.26.000382
Subject(s) - magnetometer , sensitivity (control systems) , optics , microwave , materials science , signal (programming language) , magnetic field , physics , nuclear magnetic resonance , computer science , electronic engineering , quantum mechanics , engineering , programming language
Sensitivity of magnetometers that use color centers is limited by poor photon-collection and detection efficiency. In this paper, we present the details of a newly developed all-optical collection combined frequency-modulated microwave method. The proposed method achieves a high sensitivity in static magnetic-field detection both theoretically and experimentally. First, we demonstrate that this collection technique enables both a fluorescence collection as high as 40% and an efficient pump absorption. Subsequently, we exploit the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) signal and quantitative magnetic detection of an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, by applying a frequency-modulated (FM) microwave method followed by a lock-in technique on the resonance frequency point. Based on the results obtained using all-optical collection combined FM microwaves, we verified that the sensitivity of the magnetometer can achieve approximately 14 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz, using a discrete Fourier transform detection method experimentally. This method provides a compact and portable precision-sensor platform for measuring magnetic fields, and is of interest for fundamental studies in spintronics.