Open AccessModulation formats for multi-core fiber transmission
Author(s) -
Benjamin J. Puttnam,
Tobias A. Eriksson,
José Manuel Delgado Mendinueta,
Ruben S. Luís,
Yoshinari Awaji,
Naoya Wada,
Magnus Karlsson,
Erik Agrell
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - Uncategorized
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.22.032457
Subject(s) - spectral efficiency , polarization division multiplexing , optics , quadrature amplitude modulation , computer science , phase shift keying , keying , skew , bit error rate , electronic engineering , multiplexing , wavelength division multiplexing , telecommunications , physics , decoding methods , engineering , wavelength , beamforming
We investigate high dimensional modulation formats for multi-core fibers (MCFs) and spatial superchannels. We show that the low skew variations between MCF cores maybe exploited to generate 'multi-core' formats that offer significant advantages over independently transmitting conventional 4-dimensional formats in each core. We describe how pulse position modulation formats may be transposed to the spatial domain and then investigate a family of modulation formats referred to as core-coding, one of which has the same power and spectral efficiency as polarization switched quaternary phase shift keying but with half of the optical power, potentially improving non-linear tolerance for long distance transmission, albeit at the cost of implementation challenges. Finally, we investigate the application of set-partitioning to multi-core formats using a single-parity check bit transmitted in one quadrature of one polarization in one of the cores and polarization-division multiplexing quadrature phase shift keying data in all remaining cores. We observe that for high core counts, an advantage of almost 3 dB in asymptotic power efficiency may be obtained with negligible impact on spectral efficiency, which translates into experimentally measured reduction in the required optical signal-to-noise ratio of up to 1.8 dB at a bit-error-rate of 10 -5 and the same data-rate, and additional transmission reach of up to 20%.