Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO_2 vertical slot waveguide modulators | Zendy

Yasufumi Enami | Zendy; Youssef Jouane | Zendy; Jingdong Luo | Zendy; Alex K.Y. Jen | Zendy

Open Access

Enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding for efficient poling in electro-optic polymer/TiO_2 vertical slot waveguide modulators

Author(s) -

Yasufumi Enami,

Youssef Jouane,

Jingdong Luo,

Alex K.Y. Jen

Publication year - 2014

Publication title -

optics express

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394

H-Index - 271

ISSN - 1094-4087

DOI - 10.1364/oe.22.030191

Subject(s) - materials science , poling , cladding (metalworking) , polymer , optics , refractive index , electrode , conductivity , optoelectronics , waveguide , slot waveguide , composite material , dielectric , silicon photonics , ferroelectricity , silicon , chemistry , physics

We report the enhanced conductivity of sol-gel silica under-cladding for efficient poling of electro-optic (EO) polymer in a hybrid EO polymer/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulator. The electrical volume conductivity of sol-gel silica cladding increases approximately 30 times when the calcining time of the cladding layer is critically reduced to 45 minutes, which increases the in-device EO coefficient of the 600-nm-thick EO polymer film in modulators and reduces the lower halfwave voltage (Vπ) of the modulators. The lowest driving voltage (Vπ) of the TiO2 slot waveguide modulator is 2.0 V for an electrode length (Le) of 10 mm and wavelength of 1550 nm (VπLe = 2.0 V·cm) for the low-index guest-host EO polymer SEO125. The optical propagation loss is reduced to 7 dB/cm.

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