Open AccessExtension and validation of the GN model for non-linear interference to uncompensated links using Raman amplification
Author(s) -
Vittorio Curri,
Andrea Carena,
Pierluigi Poggiolini,
Gabriella Bosco,
F. Forghieri
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.21.003308
Subject(s) - raman amplification , optics , raman spectroscopy , wavelength division multiplexing , modulation (music) , interference (communication) , dispersion (optics) , amplified spontaneous emission , quadrature amplitude modulation , raman scattering , materials science , bit error rate , physics , computer science , channel (broadcasting) , telecommunications , laser , acoustics , wavelength
We show the extension of the Gaussian Noise model, which describes non-linear propagation in uncompensated links of multilevel modulation formats, to systems using Raman amplification. We successfully validate the analytical results by comparison with numerical simulations of Nyquist-WDM PM-16QAM channels transmission over multi-span uncompensated links made of a single fiber type and using hybrid EDFA/Raman amplification with counter-propagating pumps. We analyze two typical high- and low-dispersion fiber types. We show that Raman amplification always induces a limited non-linear interference enhancement compared to the dominant ASE noise reduction.