Open AccessThree-dimensional coupled-wave analysis for triangular-lattice photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with transverse-electric polarization
Author(s) -
Yong Liang,
Chao Peng,
Kenji Ishizaki,
Seita Iwahashi,
Kyosuke Sakai,
Yoshinori Tanaka,
Kyoko Kitamura,
Susumu Noda
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.21.000565
Subject(s) - lasing threshold , optics , photonic crystal , transverse plane , electric field , physics , laser , plane wave expansion method , transverse mode , polarization (electrochemistry) , hexagonal lattice , lattice constant , propagation constant , materials science , condensed matter physics , diffraction , quantum mechanics , chemistry , structural engineering , antiferromagnetism , engineering
Three-dimensional coupled-wave theory is extended to model triangular-lattice photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with transverse-electric polarization. A generalized coupled-wave equation is derived to describe the sixfold symmetry of the eigenmodes in a triangular lattice. The extended theory includes the effects of both surface radiation and in-plane losses in a finite-size laser structure. Modal properties of interest including the band structure, radiation constant, threshold gain, field intensity profile, and far-field pattern (FFP) are calculated. The calculated band structure and FFP, as well as the predicted lasing mode, agree well with experimental observations. The effect of air-hole size on mode selection is also studied and confirmed by experiment.