Open AccessLow optical power reference detector implemented in the validation of two independent techniques for calibrating photon-counting detectors
Author(s) -
Jessica Y. Cheung,
Christopher J. Chunnilall,
G. Porrovecchio,
Marek Šmíd,
E Theocharous
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.19.020347
Subject(s) - detector , optics , photon counting , physics , photon , calibration , amplifier , photodiode , integrator , avalanche photodiode , photodetector , measure (data warehouse) , optoelectronics , computer science , cmos , quantum mechanics , voltage , database
We introduce a technique for measuring detection efficiency that is traceable to the primary standard, the cryogenic radiometer, through a reference silicon photodiode trap detector. The trap detector, used in conjunction with a switched integrator amplifier, can measure signals down to the 0.1 pW (3 x 10⁵ photons second-1) level with 0.1% uncertainty in a total integration time of 300 seconds. This provides a convenient calibration standard for measurements at these levels across the optical spectrum (UV - near IR). A second technique is also described, based on correlated photons produced via parametric down-conversion. This can be used to directly measure detection efficiency in the photon counting regime, and provides a route for expanding the formulation of the candela in terms of photon flux to enable it to address the needs of emerging quantum optical technologies and applications. The two independent techniques were cross-validated by a comparison carried out at 702.2 nm, which showed agreement to within 0.2%.