Open AccessTwo-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with double modulation lock-in detection: enhancement of sensitivity and noise resistance
Author(s) -
Ramūnas Augulis,
Donatas Zigmantas
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.19.013126
Subject(s) - spectroscopy , optics , scattering , modulation (music) , sensitivity (control systems) , noise (video) , spectral line , materials science , four wave mixing , mixing (physics) , physics , laser , nonlinear optics , computer science , acoustics , electronic engineering , quantum mechanics , astronomy , artificial intelligence , image (mathematics) , engineering
In many potential applications of two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy the excitation energies per pulse are strictly limited, while the samples are strongly scattering. We demonstrate a technique, based on double-modulation of incident laser beams with mechanical choppers, which can be implemented in almost any non-collinear four wave mixing scheme including 2D spectroscopy setup. The technique virtually eliminates artifacts or "ghost" signals in 2D spectra, which arise due to scattering and accumulation of long-lived species. To illustrate the advantages of the technique, we show a comparison of porphyrin J-aggregate 2D spectra obtained with different methods following by discussion.