Open AccessTime- and Spectral-resolved two-photon imaging of healthy bladder mucosa and carcinoma in situ
Author(s) -
Riccardo Cicchi,
Alfonso Crisci,
Alessandro Cosci,
Gabriella Nesi,
Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas,
S. Giancane,
Marco Carini,
Francesco S. Pavone
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.394
H-Index - 271
ISSN - 1094-4087
DOI - 10.1364/oe.18.003840
Subject(s) - optics , two photon excitation microscopy , carcinoma in situ , endoscope , spectral imaging , fluorescence , confocal , materials science , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , in situ , pathology , ex vivo , in vivo , bladder cancer , urothelium , nuclear magnetic resonance , biomedical engineering , carcinoma , physics , urinary bladder , cancer , biology , medicine , radiology , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , urology , meteorology
Combined non-linear imaging techniques were used to deeply image human ex-vivo fresh biopsies of bladder as well as to discriminate between healthy bladder mucosa and carcinoma in situ. Morphological examination by two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation has shown a good agreement with corresponding common routine histology performed on the same samples. Tumor cells appeared slightly different in shape and with a smaller cellular-to-nuclear dimension ratio with respect to corresponding normal cells. Further differences between the two tissue types were found in both spectral emission and fluorescence lifetime distribution by performing temporal- and spectral- resolved analysis of fluorescence. This method may represent a promising tool to be used in a multi-photon endoscope, in a confocal endoscope or in a spectroscopic probe for in-vivo optical diagnosis of bladder cancer.