Open AccessReal-time cancer detection with an integrated lensless fluorescence contact imager
Author(s) -
Efthymios P. Papageorgiou,
Hui Zhang,
Simeon Giverts,
Catherine Park,
Bernhard E. Boser,
Mekhail Anwar
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
biomedical optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.362
H-Index - 86
ISSN - 2156-7085
DOI - 10.1364/boe.9.003607
Subject(s) - breast cancer , in vivo , cancer cell , biomedical engineering , materials science , cancer , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , lncap , ex vivo , preclinical imaging , fluorescence microscope , microscopy , fluorescence , pathology , optics , medicine , physics , biology , microbiology and biotechnology
Microscopic tumor cell foci left in a patient after surgery significantly increase the chance of cancer recurrence. However, fluorescence microscopes used for intraoperative navigation lack the necessary sensitivity for imaging microscopic disease and are too bulky to maneuver within the resection cavity. We have developed a scalable chip-scale fluorescence contact imager for detecting microscopic cancer in vivo and in real-time. The imager has been characterized under simulated in vivo conditions using ex vivo samples, providing strong evidence that our device can be used in vivo . Angle-selective gratings enhance the resolution of the imager without impacting its physical size. We demonstrate detection of cancer cell clusters containing as few as 25 HCC1569 breast cancer cells and 400 LNCaP prostate cancer cells with integration times of only 50 ms and 70 ms, respectively. A cell cluster recognition algorithm is used to achieve both a sensitivity and specificity of 92 % for HCC1569 cell samples, indicating the reliability of the imager. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation with increased separation is only 1.5 dB at 250 μm. Blood scattering and absorption reduce the SNR by less than 2 dB for typical concentrations. Moreover, HER2+ breast cancer tissue taken from a patient is distinguished from normal breast tissue with an integration time of only 75 ms.