Open AccessGlare-free retinal imaging using a portable light field fundus camera
Author(s) -
Douglas W. Palmer,
Thomas Coppin,
Krishan Rana,
Donald G. Dansereau,
Marwan Suheimat,
Michelle L. Maynard,
David A. Atchison,
Jonathan Roberts,
Ross Crawford,
Anjali Jaiprakash
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
biomedical optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.362
H-Index - 86
ISSN - 2156-7085
DOI - 10.1364/boe.9.003178
Subject(s) - computer vision , computer science , artificial intelligence , image quality , depth of field , optics , fundus (uterus) , stereopsis , retinal , pupil , physics , medicine , ophthalmology , image (mathematics)
We present the retinal plenoptoscope, a novel light field retinal imaging device designed to overcome many of the problems that limit the use of portable non-mydriatic fundus cameras, including image quality and lack of stereopsis. The design and prototype construction of this device is detailed and the ideal relationship between the eye pupil, system aperture stop and micro-image separation is investigated. A comparison of the theoretical entrance pupil size, multi-view baseline and depth resolution indicates that a higher degree of stereopsis is possible than with stereo fundus cameras. We also show that the effects of corneal backscatter on image quality can be removed through a novel method of glare identification and selective image rendering. This method is then extended to produce glare-free depth maps from densely estimated depth fields, creating representations of retinal topography from a single exposure. These methods are demonstrated on physical models and live human eyes using a prototype device based on a Lytro Illum consumer light field camera. The Retinal Plenoptoscope offers a viable, robust modality for non-mydriatic color and 3-D retinal imaging.