Open AccessFast varifocal two-photon microendoscope for imaging neuronal activity in the deep brain
Author(s) -
Masaaki Sato,
Yuki Motegi,
Shunsuke Yagi,
Keiko Gengyo-Ando,
Masamichi Ohkura,
Junichi Nakai
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
biomedical optics express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.362
H-Index - 86
ISSN - 2156-7085
DOI - 10.1364/boe.8.004049
Subject(s) - two photon excitation microscopy , cardinal point , lens (geology) , optics , calcium imaging , preclinical imaging , neuroimaging , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , optical coherence tomography , functional imaging , biomedical engineering , materials science , neuroscience , fluorescence , in vivo , medicine , physics , biology , calcium , microbiology and biotechnology , metallurgy
Fluorescence microendoscopy is becoming a promising approach for deep brain imaging, but the current technology for visualizing neurons on a single focal plane limits the experimental efficiency and the pursuit of three-dimensional functional neural circuit architectures. Here we present a novel fast varifocal two-photon microendoscope system equipped with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens and an electrically tunable lens (ETL). This microendoscope enables quasi-simultaneous imaging of the neuronal network activity of deep brain areas at multiple focal planes separated by 85-120 µm at a fast scan rate of 7.5-15 frames per second per plane, as demonstrated in calcium imaging of the mouse dorsal CA1 hippocampus and amygdala in vivo .