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Social Norms and Stigma Regarding Unintended Pregnancy and Pregnancy Decisions: A Qualitative Study of Young Women in Alabama
Author(s) -
Smith Whitney,
Turan Janet M.,
White Kari,
Stringer Kristi L.,
Helova Anna,
Simpson Tina,
Cockrill Kate
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
perspectives on sexual and reproductive health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.818
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1931-2393
pISSN - 1538-6341
DOI - 10.1363/48e9016
Subject(s) - unintended pregnancy , abortion , focus group , pregnancy , stigma (botany) , psychology , population , qualitative research , social stigma , reproductive health , context (archaeology) , unintended consequences , social psychology , developmental psychology , medicine , family planning , family medicine , environmental health , psychiatry , political science , sociology , social science , paleontology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , biology , anthropology , law , research methodology , genetics
CONTEXT Social norms and stigma may play important roles in reproductive health behavior and decision making among young women in the U.S. South, who disproportionately experience unintended pregnancies. No research has described the presence and manifestations of social norms and stigmas associated with unintended pregnancy and related decision making from the perspective of this population. METHODS Six focus groups and 12 cognitive interviews were conducted between December 2013 and July 2014 with 46 low‐income women aged 19–24 living in Birmingham, Alabama; respondents were recruited from two public health department centers and a community college. Semistructured interview guides were used to facilitate discussion about social perceptions of unintended pregnancy and related pregnancy decisions. Sessions were audio‐recorded, and transcripts were analyzed using a theme‐based approach. RESULTS Participants described community expectations that pregnancy occur in the context of monogamous relationships, in which both partners are mature, educated and financially stable. However, respondents reported that unintended pregnancy outside of these circumstances was common, and that the community expected young women faced with unintended pregnancies to bear and raise their children. Women who chose to do so were viewed more positively than were women who chose abortion or adoption. The community generally considered these alternatives to parenting unacceptable, and participants discussed them in terms of negative labels, social judgment and nondisclosure. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a need to reduce stigma and create a social environment in which young women are empowered to make the best reproductive decisions for themselves.