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COL1A1 Sp1 Polymorphism Predicts Perimenopausal and Early Postmenopausal Spinal Bone Loss
Author(s) -
Macdonald Helen M.,
McGuigan Fiona A.,
New Susan A.,
Campbell Marion K.,
Golden Michael H. N.,
Ralston Stuart H.,
Reid David M.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.9.1634
Subject(s) - osteoporosis , femoral neck , bone mineral , medicine , bone density , endocrinology , genotype , population , cohort , hip fracture , biology , genetics , gene , environmental health
Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis but the genes that determine susceptibility to poor bone health are defined incompletely. Previous work has shown that a polymorphism that affects an Sp1 binding site in the COL1A1 gene is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in several populations. Data from cross‐sectional studies have indicated that COL1A1 Sp1 alleles also may be associated with increased rates of bone loss with age, but longitudinal studies, which have examined bone loss in relation to COL1A1 > genotype, have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we examined the relationship between COL1A1 Sp1 alleles and early postmenopausal bone loss measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population‐based cohort of 734 Scottish women who were followed up over a 5‐ to 7‐year period. The distribution of genotypes was as expected in a white population with 484 “ SS ” homozygotes (65.9%); 225 “ Ss ” heterozygotes (30.7%), and 25 “ ss ” homozygotes (3.4%). Women taking hormone‐replacement therapy (HRT; n = 239) had considerably reduced rates of bone loss at the spine (−0.40 ± 0.06%/year) and hip (−0.56 ± 0.06%/year) when compared with non‐HRT users ( n = 352; spine, −1.36 ± 0.06%/year; hip, −1.21 ± 0.05%/year; p < 0.001 for both sites). There was no significant difference in baseline BMD values at the lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN) between genotypes or in the rates of bone loss between genotypes in HRT users. However, in non‐HRT users ( n = 352), we found that ss homozygotes (n = 12) lost significantly more bone at the lumbar site than the other genotype groups in which ss = −2.26 ± 0.31%/year compared with SS = −1.38 ± 0.07%/year and Ss = −1.22 ± 0.10%/year ( p = 0.004; analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and a similar trend was observed at the FN in which ss = −1.78 ± 0.19%/year compared with SS = −1.21 ± 0.06%/year and Ss = −1.16 ± 0.08%/year ( p = 0.06; ANOVA). The differences in spine BMD loss remained significant after correcting for confounding factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that COL1A1 genotype independently accounted for a further 3.0% of the variation in spine BMD change after age (4.0%), weight (5.0%), and baseline BMD (2.8%). We conclude that women homozygous for the Sp1 polymorphism are at significantly increased risk of excess rates of bone loss at the spine, but this effect may be nullified by the use of HRT.