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Bone Structure at the Distal Radius During Adolescent Growth
Author(s) -
Kirmani Salman,
Christen David,
van Lenthe G Harry,
Fischer Philip R,
Bouxsein Mary L,
McCready Louise K,
Melton L Joseph,
Riggs B Lawrence,
Amin Shreyasee,
Müller Ralph,
Khosla Sundeep
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1359/jbmr.081255
Subject(s) - prepuberty , forearm , medicine , cortical bone , bone age , growth spurt , quantitative computed tomography , bone density , metaphysis , incidence (geometry) , endocrinology , anatomy , osteoporosis , hormone , physics , optics
The incidence of distal forearm fractures peaks during the adolescent growth spurt, but the structural basis for this is unclear. Thus, we studied healthy 6‐ to 21‐yr‐old girls ( n = 66) and boys ( n = 61) using high‐resolution pQCT (voxel size, 82 μm) at the distal radius. Subjects were classified into five groups by bone‐age: group I (prepuberty, 6–8 yr), group II (early puberty, 9–11 yr), group III (midpuberty, 12–14 yr), group IV (late puberty, 15–17 yr), and group V (postpuberty, 18–21 yr). Compared with group I, trabecular parameters (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and thickness) did not change in girls but increased in boys from late puberty onward. Cortical thickness and density decreased from pre‐ to midpuberty in girls but were unchanged in boys, before rising to higher levels at the end of puberty in both sexes. Total bone strength, assessed using microfinite element models, increased linearly across bone age groups in both sexes, with boys showing greater bone strength than girls after midpuberty. The proportion of load borne by cortical bone, and the ratio of cortical to trabecular bone volume, decreased transiently during mid‐ to late puberty in both sexes, with apparent cortical porosity peaking during this time. This mirrors the incidence of distal forearm fractures in prior studies. We conclude that regional deficits in cortical bone may underlie the adolescent peak in forearm fractures. Whether these deficits are more severe in children who sustain forearm fractures or persist into later life warrants further study.