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Vitamin D–Mediated Hypercalcemia in Slack Skin Disease: Evidence for Involvement of Extrarenal 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D 1α‐Hydroxylase
Author(s) -
Karakelides Helen,
Geller Jordan L,
Schroeter Arnold L,
Chen Hong,
Behn Philip S,
Adams John S,
Hewison Martin,
Wermers Robert A
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1359/jbmr.060608
Subject(s) - sarcoidosis , pathogenesis , psoriasis , basal (medicine) , epidermis (zoology) , vitamin d and neurology , pathology , medicine , cutaneous sarcoidosis , immunohistochemistry , granuloma annulare , immune dysregulation , endocrinology , disease , immunology , anatomy , insulin
A case of granulomatous slack skin disease is presented in which we studied the possible involvement of extrarenal 1,25(OH) 2 D in the pathogenesis of the patient's hypercalcemia. Immunolocalization of 1α‐OH in skin showed simultaneous dysregulation in epithelial and granulomatous cells. Introduction: Granuloma‐forming diseases such as sarcoidosis are associated with extrarenal synthesis of active 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D]. Here we describe a case of granulomatous slack skin disease in which we have studied the possible involvement of extrarenal synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D in the pathogenesis of the patient's hypercalcemia. The aim of the study was to clarify the etiology of hypercalcemia in this patient. Materials and Methods: This was a case study of a 19‐year‐old man with a T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder diagnosed as granulomatous slack skin disease who presented with hypercalcemia and raised serum 1,25(OH) 2 D. Analysis of expression of the enzyme 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 1α‐hydroxylase (1α‐hydroxylase), which catalyzes synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D, was carried out by immunohistochemical analysis of involved and uninvolved skin. Approval was granted by the Mayo Foundation Institutional Review Board and Biospecimens Subcommittee. Results: In uninvolved skin, expression of 1α‐hydroxylase was confined to the basal layer of the epidermis, whereas slack skin showed overexpression of the enzyme in dermal granulomata and basal cells of the epidermis. Conclusions: Hypercalcemia associated with granulomatous slack skin syndrome seems to be caused by dysregulation of 1α‐hydroxylase expression in both epidermal and dermal granulomatous cells. This contrasts with psoriasis and sarcoidosis of the skin, in which overexpression of the enzyme is restricted to keratinocytes and granulomata, respectively.