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Calcium‐ and Vitamin D 3 ‐Fortified Milk Reduces Bone Loss at Clinically Relevant Skeletal Sites in Older Men: A 2‐Year Randomized Controlled Trial
Author(s) -
Daly Robin M,
Brown Melanie,
Bass Shona,
Kukuljan Sonja,
Nowson Caryl
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1359/jbmr.051206
Subject(s) - medicine , vitamin d and neurology , calcium , vitamin , osteoporosis , femoral neck , randomized controlled trial , bone mineral , endocrinology
Abstract In this 2‐year randomized controlled study of 167 men >50 years of age, supplementation with calcium‐vitamin D 3 ‐fortified milk providing an additional 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D 3 per day was effective for suppressing PTH and stopping or slowing bone loss at several clinically important skeletal sites at risk for fracture. Introduction: Low dietary calcium and inadequate vitamin D stores have long been implicated in age‐related bone loss and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of calcium and vitamin D 3 fortified milk on BMD in community living men >50 years of age. Materials and Methods: This was a 2‐year randomized controlled study in which 167 men (mean age ± SD, 61.9 ± 7.7 years) were assigned to receive either 400 ml/day of reduced fat (∼1%) ultra‐high temperature (UHT) milk containing 1000 mg of calcium plus 800 IU of vitamin D 3 or to a control group receiving no additional milk. Primary endpoints were changes in BMD, serum 25(OH)D, and PTH. Results: One hundred forty‐nine men completed the study. Baseline characteristics between the groups were not different; mean dietary calcium and serum 25(OH)D levels were 941 ± 387 mg/day and 77 ± 23 nM, respectively. After 2 years, the mean percent change in BMD was 0.9‐1.6% less in the milk supplementation compared with control group at the femoral neck, total hip, and ultradistal radius (range, p < 0.08 to p < 0.001 after adjusting for covariates). There was a greater increase in lumbar spine BMD in the milk supplementation group after 12 and 18 months (0.8‐1.0%, p ≤ 0.05), but the between‐group difference was not significant after 2 years (0.7%; 95% CI, −0.3, 1.7). Serum 25(OH)D increased and PTH decreased in the milk supplementation relative to control group after the first year (31% and −18%, respectively; both p < 0.001), and these differences remained after 2 years. Body weight remained unchanged in both groups at the completion of the study. Conclusions: Supplementing the diet of men >50 years of age with reduced‐fat calcium‐ and vitamin D 3 ‐enriched milk may represent a simple, nutritionally sound and cost‐effective strategy to reduce age‐related bone loss at several skeletal sites at risk for fracture in the elderly.