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Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences
Author(s) -
Cuddy Amy J. C.,
Fiske Susan T.,
Kwan Virginia S. Y.,
Glick Peter,
Demoulin Stéphanie,
Leyens JacquesPhilippe,
Bond Michael Harris,
Croizet JeanClaude,
Ellemers Naomi,
Sleebos Ed,
Htun Tin Tin,
Kim HyunJeong,
Maio Greg,
Perry Judi,
Petkova Kristina,
Todorov Valery,
RodríguezBailón Rosa,
Morales Elena,
Moya Miguel,
Palacios Marisol,
Smith Vanessa,
Perez Rolando,
Vala Jorge,
Ziegler Rene
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
british journal of social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 2044-8309
pISSN - 0144-6665
DOI - 10.1348/014466608x314935
Subject(s) - collectivism , social psychology , psychology , stereotype (uml) , individualism , social group , derogation , individualistic culture , ambivalence , competence (human resources) , cultural diversity , cultural group selection , conformity , cross cultural , sociology , ethnic group , political science , anthropology , law
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross‐cultural, cross‐groups similarities and one difference across 10 non‐US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations ( N =1,028) support three hypothesized cross‐cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out‐groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross‐cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in‐groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high‐competence/high‐warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out‐group derogation without obvious reference‐group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies.