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Cultural variation in hemifacial asymmetry of emotion expressions
Author(s) -
Mandal Manas K.,
Harizuka Susumu,
Bhushan Braj,
Mishra R.C.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
british journal of social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 2044-8309
pISSN - 0144-6665
DOI - 10.1348/014466601164885
Subject(s) - psychology , facial expression , hemifacial microsomia , optimal distinctiveness theory , valence (chemistry) , anger , disgust , social psychology , communication , physics , quantum mechanics , psychiatry , craniofacial
Photographs of hemifacial composites (left‐left, right‐right and normal presentation, right‐left) of three cultures (Japanese, Oriental Indian and North American) displaying six emotions (happy, sad, fear, anger, surprise, disgust) and a neutral state were administered successively (one by one) as well as simultaneously (three hemifacial photographs of an expression at a time) to observers for judgment on a 5‐point scale in terms of distinctiveness of expression. Observers' judgments were treated with a culture of expressor × sex of expressor × facial presentation × emotion category mixed factorial ANOVA. Cultures did not vary for their distinctiveness of facial expressions, suggesting universality in this respect. Culture‐specificity was, however, observed with respect to hemifacial asymmetry and valence of emotion expressions: (1) Japanese showed a right hemifacial bias for positive and left hemifacial bias for negative emotions; Indians and North Americans showed left hemifacial bias for all emotions, and (2) negative emotion expressions were least distinctly identifiable in Japanese faces followed by Indian and North American faces.