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Nationalism and patriotism: National identification and out‐group rejection
Author(s) -
Mummendey Amélie,
Klink Andreas,
Brown Rupert
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
british journal of social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 2044-8309
pISSN - 0144-6665
DOI - 10.1348/014466601164740
Subject(s) - patriotism , nationalism , psychology , pride , social psychology , identification (biology) , in group favoritism , derogation , prejudice (legal term) , social group , political science , social identity theory , law , politics , botany , biology
It is argued that the differentiation between nationalism and patriotism proposed in the literature can be seen as analogous to judgments based on different types of comparisons: intergroup comparisons with other nations are associated with intergroup behaviour that corresponds to nationalism, whereas temporal or standard comparisons are linked with behaviour that corresponds to patriotism. Four studies ( N = 103, 107, 96 and 105) conducted in Germany and Britain examined the hypothesis that national identification and in‐group evaluation only show a reliable relationship with out‐group rejection under an intergroup comparison orientation. Participants were primed with either an intergroup comparison, a temporal comparison or no explicit comparison orientation. A subsequent questionnaire assessed in‐group (own country) identification, in‐group evaluation (i.e. national pride) and rejection of national out‐groups. Across all four studies, both in‐group identification and in‐group evaluation show a stronger correlation with out‐group derogation if participants were primed with an intergroup comparison orientation compared to temporal and control conditions. Results are discussed with regard to nationalism and patriotism as well as Hinkle and Brown's (1990) model on relational vs. autonomous orientations.