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Cross‐cultural validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale in Iran
Author(s) -
Gholizadeh Leila.,
Salamonson Yenna.,
Davidson Patricia M.,
Parvan Kobra.,
Frost Steven A.,
Chang Sungwon.,
Hare David L.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
british journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.479
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 2044-8260
pISSN - 0144-6657
DOI - 10.1348/014466509x478709
Subject(s) - cronbach's alpha , exploratory factor analysis , psychology , depression (economics) , beck depression inventory , psychometrics , internal consistency , population , receiver operating characteristic , scale (ratio) , clinical psychology , confirmatory factor analysis , psychiatry , statistics , medicine , structural equation modeling , cartography , mathematics , anxiety , environmental health , economics , macroeconomics , geography
Background. The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) is a disease‐specific instrument for measuring depression in cardiac patients. This study was designed to validate the CDS in an Iranian population. Methods. Translation and back‐translation of the 26‐item CDS scale was performed using recommended procedures. The Iranian translation of the CDS (I‐CDS) was administered to 261 individuals in Iran, concurrently with the Beck Depression Inventory. The factor structure of the I‐CDS was examined using exploratory factor analysis procedures to enable comparison with previous psychometric evaluation of the CDS. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the ability of the I‐CDS to discriminate between categories of depression. Results. First‐order exploratory factor analysis uncovered two robust factors, consistent with the second‐order dimensions originally reported by the developers of this instrument. Cronbach's alpha was .88 for the total 26‐item I‐CDS, indicating satisfactory internal consistency of the I‐CDS. Intercorrelation between the total scores for the I‐CDS and BDI was .62 ( p <.001). For the I‐CDS cut‐off of 90, the sensitivity was 85%, and specificity was 61% with a computed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87). For the I‐CDS cut‐off of 100, the sensitivity was 81%, and specificity was 63% with a computed AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87). Conclusion. This validation study of the Iranian version of the CDS demonstrated that it is an acceptable, reliable, and valid measure of depression in people with heart disease.