Partikeln in indogermanischen Sprachen

The typical Old Indo-European languages are pro-drop-languages. Therefore, the usage of pronouns for expressing the governing subject does not apply to standard sentences. As to be expected emphasized subject pronouns can then be used in marked situations – especially in the case of a contrastive topic. However, there is a third use that is not as trivial in the first place: The emphasized subject pronouns are supplemented by an additional particle. This third usage has a special function that is supposed to be determined in the following.