Open AccessAnalytical Solution to FRW Metric with Variable Speed of Light
Author(s) -
Gabriel W. Joseph,
Terkaa Victor Targema,
M. O. Kanu
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
indonesian journal of applied physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2477-6416
pISSN - 2089-0133
DOI - 10.13057/ijap.v11i1.47318
Subject(s) - friedmann–lemaître–robertson–walker metric , physics , scale factor (cosmology) , hubble's law , deceleration parameter , particle horizon , metric expansion of space , cosmology , universe , flatness problem , hubble volume , flatness (cosmology) , cosmological constant , age of the universe , redshift , de sitter universe , mathematical physics , theoretical physics , astrophysics , dark energy , galaxy
According to the principle of general covariance, the laws of physics are the same in all reference frames. The controversial theory of the Varying Speed of Light (VSL) contradicts the principle of general covariance. Fortunately the VLS theory explains some crucial issues in cosmology such as Lorentz variance, biometric theories, locally Lorentz variance, cosmological constant problem, horizon and flatness problems. Also, recent astronomical observations from quasar show that the fine structural constant depends on redshift and therefore, varies with cosmological time. In other to harness this fascinating and published knowledge, two models where used in this work. 1. Cosmology with variables c; here the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) is used in the Einstein field equation with variable c and Λ terms to obtain the scale factor, which shows the continuous exponential expansion of the universe. 2. Variation of the speed of light as a function of the scale factor of the universe; here we obtained: a good approximation to estimate the current age of the universe. The scale factor of the universe depends its content given by the equation of state parameter ω. We obtained the deceleration parameter in terms of the Hubble parameter. We arrived at a conclusion that the universe was decelerating at ω = 1, accelerating at ω = 1/3 and the Hubble parameter diverges at the beginning and end of the universe.