Open Access3D-printed titanium implant combined with interleukin 4 regulates ordered macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration and angiogenesis
Author(s) -
DaWang Zhao,
Bing Ren,
Hongwei Wang,
Xiao Zhang,
Mingzhi Yu,
Lei Cheng,
Yuanhua Sang,
Shuaishuai Cao,
Florian M. Thieringer,
Zhen Dong,
Yi Wan,
Chao Liu
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
bone and joint research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.639
H-Index - 31
ISSN - 2046-3758
DOI - 10.1302/2046-3758.107.bjr-2020-0334.r4
Subject(s) - macrophage polarization , interleukin 4 , stromal cell , m2 macrophage , macrophage , osseointegration , mesenchymal stem cell , cytokine , immune system , bone marrow , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , angiogenesis , implant , immunology , materials science , medicine , biology , surgery , biochemistry , in vitro
Aims The use of 3D-printed titanium implant (DT) can effectively guide bone regeneration. DT triggers a continuous host immune reaction, including macrophage type 1 polarization, that resists osseointegration. Interleukin 4 (IL4) is a specific cytokine modulating osteogenic capability that switches macrophage polarization type 1 to type 2, and this switch favours bone regeneration.Methods IL4 at concentrations of 0, 30, and 100 ng/ml was used at day 3 to create a biomimetic environment for bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSC) osteogenesis and macrophage polarization on the DT. The osteogenic and immune responses of BMMSCs and macrophages were evaluated respectively.Results DT plus 30 ng/ml of IL4 (DT + 30 IL4) from day 3 to day 7 significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced macrophage type 2 polarization and BMMSC osteogenesis compared with the other groups. Local injection of IL4 enhanced new bone formation surrounding the DT.Conclusion DT + 30 IL4 may switch macrophage polarization at the appropriate timepoints to promote bone regeneration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):411–424.