Open AccessUrinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio has no Significant Association with Retinopathy in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Author(s) -
Samih A Odhaib,
Mahmood Thamer Altemimi,
Omer Mansib Kassid,
Haider Ayad Alidrisi,
Nassar Taha Yaseen Alibrahim,
Ali Hussein Ali Alhamza,
Ahmed Sabah Budair,
Abbas Ali Mansour
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
biomedical and pharmacology journal/biomedical and pharmacology journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.191
H-Index - 18
eISSN - 2456-2610
pISSN - 0974-6242
DOI - 10.13005/bpj/2379
Subject(s) - medicine , creatinine , type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes mellitus , glycated hemoglobin , diabetes mellitus , glycemic , renal function , diabetic retinopathy , cohort , diabetic nephropathy , nephropathy , logistic regression , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes
Background The relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is controversial. This study assessed the utility of the spot urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) as a parameter for correlating diabetic nephropathy with DR in individuals with T1DM in Basrah. Methods The study was a cross-sectional observational study of 216 patients with T1DM (16–49 years old) with different DR types. We used demographic variables, different T1DM-related variables (onset and duration of T1DM, glycemic control, latency between T1DM and DR onset, age of onset of DR), and biochemical investigations, such as spot UACR, renal function tests, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (anti-GAD-65) antibody, lipid profile, and thyrotropin. We used ordinal regression analysis to test for the possible primary covariates and adjusted the findings with an analysis of covariates (ANCOVA). Results The patient population showed a slight male preponderance, and uncontrolled T1DM with high HbA1c was found in 93% of the cohort. The mean UACR was 64.37 ± 8.99 mg/g. Normal UACR levels were seen in approximately 60% of the cohort (n=129). Sixty-five individuals were reported to have DR, with a median age of onset of 34 ± 8 years and a median latency period of 13 ± 7 years. UACR had no significant relationship with DR development at any association level, with or without adjustment for the composite regression factors. Conclusion There was no significant association between UACR at any level and DR development before and after adjustment for all of the possible covariates in this study.