The concept of instruction, its communicative tasks

This article deals with the concept of instructions, its types and communication tasks. It was found that the instruction can be characterized as an official business document of technical content and its design at all levels has a high degree of standardization, which ensures the economy in writing and perception of this text. The instructional discourse is investigated and its features are determined: the presence of different speech genres, in particular, the operation manual, the memo, the user manual, the prescription, the service directive; certain speech tactics, namely, informing, shifting responsibility, prompted to action; minimal change in communicative roles. Analyzed four standard types of instructions: 1) instructions for goods (household appliances, food, vehicles, etc.); 2) annotation to medicines; 3) departmental instructions (rules for filling out documents, customer behavior: customs declaration, fire instructions, etc.) 4) job description (rules of behavior for employees in a certain position) and six new types were added: audio / video instructions, interactive instructions, pop-up hints, hypertext knowledge base, hypertext online resource, electronic document. It was also found that the communicative tasks of the instructions are the message of information and the prescription of actions and for the design of the texts of the instructions of the product the optimal system of language means. It was determined that the compositional structure of the text of a typical instruction contains, as a rule, the following sections: introduction, general information, technical data, delivery set, safety requirements, the procedure for installing and preparing the product for work, the procedure for operating the product, product care, maintenance, rules storage and transportation, possible malfunctions and methods of their elimination, warranty obligations.