Belfast Interregnum: walls, voids and forward to new ground and porous borders.

Good cities reward those who walk, looking outwards and upwards, and reflecting on the paths taken and on the sauntering asides that open an easy relationship with the city and its neighbourhoods. The Spanish paseo and the Italian passeggiata are, of course, as much about meeting friends and family as about using the connecting streets and passageways between one part of the city and another, and such act of walking is liberating, enjoyable and important in the making of place. Belfast does not, in many neighbourhoods, have that easy, social connectivity. The once easy cross-city network of minor streets is, in large part, gone. Interface walls, motorways, and other barriers and separation devices are not overtly visible in the commercial city core but continue to define key emblematic neighbourhoods. And the growth of smallscale political tourism manifested in several bus, black-taxi trails and short neighbourhood walks to visit the interface areas and their walls, have potential result, unfortunately, that such walls, as artefacts of conflict, could tend towards permanence. As one of many post-conflict cities, Belfast is still emerging from its historical and localised condition of manifested deepseated sectarianism, where identities and allegiances are linked to a strongly held sense of ownership of territory. Hence, the reluctance to build in void spaces that could help resolve the housing crisis and be model for housingled regeneration and model for developmentpartnering for change with the public, private and community sectors. The once daily reality in the small nurture-field city-of-camouflage and the desire for a more-connected city and neighbourhood does, however, have creative possibility, where conflict, friction, and collaborative opportunity –the collision and kiss of confluence– as creative act, can influence and impact one upon the other, that, as we know, sparks fly: alight. The spirit of self-help and community resilience, the confluence of history, cultural continuity, and an urgent need to act remains an opportunity for transformative change: for the making of new ground in an emerging city-form