PECULIARITIES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF WHEAT DICOCCUM (EMMER) AT DIFFERENT SEED TIMES, PREDECESSORS AND BACKGROUND

The article presents the results of three years of research on the study of the photosynthetic activity of Dicoccum plants (emmer) depending on the methods of agricultural technology (sowing time, predecessors, different levels of nutrition) in the conditions of gray forest soils of the middle Volga region. During the years of research, relatively favorable meteorological conditions were created for the growth and development of wheat of the willower (emmer). Observations, surveys, analyzes for the growth and development of wheat emmer made it possible to establish that in all the years of research, the dynamics of accumulation of dry matter to the phase of plant entry into the tube are not dependent on their predecessors, the time of sowing and food background is weak. As is known, during this period, the formation and enhanced growth of the root system and the formation of the generative organs take place. After the plants entered the tube before the beginning of the milky ripeness, an intensive increase in dry matter was observed, especially for the predecessor of one-year-old clover in the first term of sowing when applying the calculated rates of fertilizers. The collection of dry organic matter, the assimilation power of wheatgrass plants was higher in the first term of sowing according to its predecessor, one-year-old clover and vetch + oats to the green mass, regardless of the food background. The planting dates, as well as the precursors, have a significant impact on the dynamics of leaf surface growth and the increase in dry biomass. More favorable conditions for the photosynthetic activity on wheat crops, double-weeds (emmer) are created during early sowing of the precursors of one-year-old clover and vico-oatmeal mixture for green fodder, regardless of the food background.