Open AccessA tissue communication network coordinating innate immune response during muscle stress
Author(s) -
Nicole M. Green,
Justin Walker,
Alexandria M. Bontrager,
Molly Zych,
Erika R. Geisbrecht
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cell science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.384
H-Index - 278
eISSN - 1477-9137
pISSN - 0021-9533
DOI - 10.1242/jcs.217943
Subject(s) - biology , innate immune system , immune system , fight or flight response , stress (linguistics) , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , neuroscience , genetics , gene , linguistics , philosophy
Complex tissue communication networks function throughout an organism's lifespan to maintain tissue homeostasis. Using the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster, we have defined a network of immune responses activated following the induction of muscle stresses, including hypercontraction, detachment, and oxidative stress. Of these stressors, loss of genes causing muscle detachment produce the strongest levels of JAK-STAT activation. In one of these mutants, fondue (fon), we also observe hemocyte recruitment and the accumulation of melanin at muscle attachment sites (MASs), indicating a broad involvement of innate immune responses upon muscle detachment. Loss of fon results in pathogen-independent Toll signaling in the fat body and increased expression of the Toll-dependent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Drosomycin. Interestingly, genetic interactions between fon and various Toll pathway components enhance muscle detachment. Finally, we show that JAK-STAT and Toll signaling are capable of reciprocal activation in larval tissues. We propose a model of tissue communication for the integration of immune responses at the local and systemic level in response to altered muscle physiology.