Open AccessFeedback regulation by antagonistic epigenetic factors potentially maintains homeostasis in Drosophila
Author(s) -
Devendran A. Sadasivam,
Der-Hwa Huang
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cell science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.384
H-Index - 278
eISSN - 1477-9137
pISSN - 0021-9533
DOI - 10.1242/jcs.210179
Subject(s) - biology , demethylase , histone h3 , gene silencing , epigenetics , histone , repressor , transcription (linguistics) , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , polycomb group proteins , transcription factor , chromatin , regulation of gene expression , gene , linguistics , philosophy
Polycomb group (PcG) repressors confer epigenetically heritable silencing on key regulatory genes through histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). How the silencing state withstands antagonistic activities from co-expressed trithorax group (trxG) activators is unclear. Using overexpression of Trx H3K4 methylase to perturb the silenced state, we find a dynamic process triggered in a stepwise fashion to neutralize the inductive impacts from excess Trx. Shortly after Trx overexpression, there are global increases in H3K4 trimethylation and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, marking active transcription. Subsequently, these patterns diminish when dSet1, an abundant H3K4 methylase involved in productive transcription, is reduced. Concomitantly, the global H3K27me3 level is markedly reduced, corresponding to an increase of dUtx demethylase. Finally, excess Pc repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is induced and located to numerous ectopic chromosomal sites independently of H3K27me3 and several key recruitment factors. The observation that PRC1 becomes almost completely co-localized with Trx provides new aspects of recruitment and antagonistic interaction. We propose that these events represent a feedback circuitry ensuring the stability of the silenced state.