Open AccessPharmacological Characterization of Levorphanol, a G-Protein Biased Opioid Analgesic
Author(s) -
Valerie Le Rouzic,
Ankita Narayan,
Amanda Hunkle,
Gina F. Marrone,
Zhigang Lu,
Susruta Majumdar,
Jin Xu,
Ying Xian Pan,
Gavril W. Pasternak
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
anesthesia and analgesia/anesthesia and analgesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.404
H-Index - 201
eISSN - 1526-7598
pISSN - 0003-2999
DOI - 10.1213/ane.0000000000003360
Subject(s) - levorphanol , medicine , pharmacology , opioid , morphine , receptor , agonist , etorphine , analgesic , opioid receptor , enkephalin , (+) naloxone
Levorphanol is a potent analgesic that has been used for decades. Most commonly used for acute and cancer pain, it also is effective against neuropathic pain. The recent appreciation of the importance of functional bias and the uncovering of multiple µ opioid receptor splice variants may help explain the variability of patient responses to different opioid drugs.