Open AccessThe Use of Advanced Simulation in the Training of Anesthesiologists to Treat Chemical Warfare Casualties
Author(s) -
Haim Berkenstadt,
Amitai Ziv,
Daphna Barsuk,
Inbal Levine,
Amir Cohen,
Amir Vardi
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
anesthesia and analgesia/anesthesia and analgesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.404
H-Index - 201
eISSN - 1526-7598
pISSN - 0003-2999
DOI - 10.1213/01.ane.0000057027.52664.0b
Subject(s) - medicine , orotracheal intubation , medical emergency , intubation , mass casualty incident , airway , personal protective equipment , medical simulation , resuscitation , simulated patient , mass casualty , intensive care medicine , poison control , emergency medicine , anesthesia , injury prevention , nursing , medical education , disease , covid-19 , pathology , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Training anesthesiologists to treat nerve gas intoxication in a mass casualty scenario is a complicated task. The scenario is an unfamiliar medical situation involving the need to decontaminate patients before providing definitive medical treatment, and the need for physical protection to the medical team before decontamination. We describe the development of a simulation-based training program. In one site of a virtual hospital, anesthesiologists were trained in initial airway and breathing resuscitation before decontamination while wearing full protective gear. In another site, they were trained in the treatment of critically-ill patients with combined conventional and chemical injuries or severe intoxication. Intubation simulators of newborn, pediatric, and adult patients, advanced full-scale simulators, and actors simulating patients were used. Initial airway, breathing, and antidotal treatment were performed successfully, with or without full protective gear. The gas mask did not interfere with orotracheal intubation, but limited effective communication within the medical team. Chemical protective gloves were the limiting factor in the performance of medical tasks such as fixing the orotracheal tube. Twenty-two participants (88%) pointed out that the simulated cases represented realistic problems in this scenario, and all 25 participants found the simulated-based training superior to previous traditional training they had in this field. Using advanced simulation, we were able to train anesthesiologists to treat nerve gas intoxication casualties and to learn about the limitations of providing medical care in this setting.