Open AccessEpidural Morphine Combined with Epidural or Intravenous Butorphanol for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients
Author(s) -
Ann G. Bailey,
Robert D. Valley,
Eugene B. Freid,
Pauletta Calhoun
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
anesthesia and analgesia/anesthesia and analgesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.404
H-Index - 201
eISSN - 1526-7598
pISSN - 0003-2999
DOI - 10.1213/00000539-199408000-00025
Subject(s) - butorphanol , medicine , anesthesia , sedation , morphine , vomiting , surgery , side effect (computer science) , computer science , programming language
We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study in 60 postoperative pediatric patients aged 6 wk to 7 yr to compare the efficacy of butorphanol given epidurally or intravenously in preventing the side effects of epidural morphine. Three groups of patients received 60 micrograms/kg epidural morphine; 20 patients also received epidural butorphanol 30 micrograms/kg, and 20 patients also received 30 micrograms/kg intravenous butorphanol. All patients were evaluated for analgesia, sedation, vomiting, urinary retention, pruritus, and respiratory depression for 24 h postoperatively. Although the overall incidence of side effects was not different in the three groups, the epidural butorphanol group had a significant decrease in severity of pruritus. Sedation was seen more frequently in the groups receiving butorphanol, but was most pronounced in the epidural butorphanol group. We conclude that butorphanol has little or no effect on the side effects of epidural morphine.