Open AccessEstrogens and Their Genotoxic Metabolites Are Increased in Obese Prepubertal Girls
Author(s) -
Nelly Mauras,
Richard J. Santen,
Gerardo ColónOtero,
Jobayer Hossain,
Qingqing Wang,
Clementina Mesaros,
Ian A. Blair
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.206
H-Index - 353
eISSN - 1945-7197
pISSN - 0021-972X
DOI - 10.1210/jc.2015-1495
Subject(s) - endocrinology , medicine , physiology , psychology
Estrogen levels and their metabolites are higher in obese vs lean postmenopausal women, and obesity increases breast cancer risk. Quinone derivatives of 4-hydroxylated estrogen metabolites, independently of the estrogen receptor, cause depurination and impaired DNA repair (genotoxic). 16α-Hydroxy (16α-OH)-estrone (E1), eg, promotes tumor proliferation and 2-methoxy-estradiol (E2) may be chemoprotective. Childhood obesity increases breast cancer death risk in women, but levels of estrogen derivatives had not been previously studied in young children.