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Antibiotic Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Acute Care Settings
Author(s) -
Gonzales Ralph,
Camargo Carlos A.,
MacKenzie Thomas,
Kersey Ayanna S.,
Maselli Judith,
Levin Sara K.,
McCulloch Charles E.,
Metlay Joshua P.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
academic emergency medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.221
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1553-2712
pISSN - 1069-6563
DOI - 10.1197/j.aem.2005.10.016
Subject(s) - medicine , bronchitis , respiratory tract infections , antibiotics , medical prescription , emergency department , odds ratio , pneumonia , sinusitis , chronic bronchitis , acute pharyngitis , emergency medicine , intensive care medicine , pharyngitis , surgery , respiratory system , psychiatry , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , biology
Objectives:To examine the patterns of antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in acute care settings.Methods:Chart reviews were performed retrospectively on a random sample of adult ARI visits to seven Veterans Affairs (VA) and seven non‐VA emergency departments (EDs) for the period of November 2003 to February 2004. Visits were limited to those discharged to home and those with primary diagnoses of antibiotic‐responsive (pneumonia, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis) and antibiotic‐nonresponsive conditions (acute bronchitis, nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection [URI]). Results are expressed as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.Results:Of 2,270 ARI visits, 62% were for antibiotic‐nonresponsive diagnoses. Seventy‐two percent of acute bronchitis and 38% of URI visits were treated with antibiotics (p < 0.001). Stratified analyses show that antibiotic prescription rates were similar among attending‐only and housestaff‐associated visits for antibiotic‐responsive diagnoses (p = 0.11), and acute bronchitis (76% vs. 59%; p = 0.31). However, the antibiotic prescription rate for URIs was greater for attending‐only visits compared with housestaff‐associated visits (48% vs. 15%; p = 0.01). Antibiotic prescription rates for total ARIs varied between sites, ranging from 42% to 89%. Patient age, gender, race and ethnicity, smoking status, comorbidities, and clinical setting (VA vs. non‐VA) were not independently associated with antibiotic prescribing.Conclusions:Acute care settings are important targets for reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The mechanisms accounting for lower antibiotic prescription rates observed with housestaff‐associated visits merit further study.