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Oxygen Sensing and Osteogenesis
Author(s) -
WANG YING,
WAN CHAO,
GILBERT SHAWN R.,
CLEMENS THOMAS L.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1196/annals.1402.049
Subject(s) - angiogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , endochondral ossification , vascular endothelial growth factor , oxygen tension , hypoxia inducible factors , hypoxia (environmental) , chemistry , regulator , bone remodeling , vascular endothelial growth factor a , osteoblast , endocrinology , biology , medicine , cancer research , anatomy , vegf receptors , gene , oxygen , biochemistry , cartilage , in vitro , organic chemistry
:  Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are tightly coupled during bone formation and repair. Blood vessels not only carry oxygen and nutrients to the developing bone, but also play an active role in bone formation and remodeling by mediating the interaction between osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and vascular cells at a variety of levels. Tissue hypoxia is believed to be a major stimulus for angiogenesis by activating hypoxia‐inducible factor α (HIFα) pathway, which is a central regulator of hypoxia adaptation in vertebrates. HIFα remains inactive under normoxic conditions through pVHL‐mediated polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Activation of the HIFα pathway by hypoxia triggers hypoxia‐responsive gene expression, such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( Vegf ) , which plays a critical role in angiogenesis, endochondral bone formation, and bone repair following fracture. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that osteoblasts use the HIFα pathway to sense reduced oxygen tension and transmit signals that impinge on angiogenic and osteogenic gene programs during bone formation. Using a genetic approach, we have demonstrated that overexpression of HIFα in mouse osteoblasts through disruption of Vhl results in profound increases in angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which appear to be mediated by cell nonautonomous mechanisms involving VEGF. These studies suggest that VEGF exerts many of its actions on bone indirectly by stimulation of angiogenesis. Whether or to what extent this angiogenic factor functions independent of endothelial cells remains to be determined.

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