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Multiplex Assays to Diagnose Celiac Disease
Author(s) -
LOCHMAN IVO,
MARTIS PETER,
BURLINGAME RUFUS W.,
LOCHMANOVÁ ALEXANDRA
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1196/annals.1398.039
Subject(s) - tissue transglutaminase , medicine , multiplex , gliadin , immunology , disease , antigen , gluten , coeliac disease , population , malaise , gastroenterology , pathology , biology , bioinformatics , enzyme , biochemistry , environmental health
: Patients with celiac disease are sensitive to the gluten fractions of wheat. Symptoms include gastrointestinal problems and a failure to thrive in children, but may range from headaches to general malaise in adults. Thus, it is difficult to diagnose celiac disease by symptoms alone. The standard diagnostic criteria include the presence of the characteristic anti‐gliadin or anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti‐tTG) in serum, flattened mucosa on intestinal biopsy, and improved symptoms on a gluten‐free diet. Because of the ease of use of the tTG enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) compared to endomysial by indirect immunofluorescence assay, there has been much more screening for celiac disease in recent years. This increased screening showed that celiac disease was more prevalent than previously believed. We compared a new multiplex assay that includes a novel form of deamidated gliadin and recombinant human tTG as the antigens to other assays using standard antigens. In addition, the new assay detects the presence of selective IgA deficiency, which shows a 10‐fold increase in prevalence in patients with celiac disease compared to the general population. The combination of sensitivity and specificity of the new multiplex assay was equal or better than those for standard assays. Thus the performance, ease of use, and ability to measure three clinically important parameters in a single test make the new multiplex assay a viable alternative to standard assays in a clinical lab.