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Alterations in Salivary Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide, and Transforming Growth Factor‐β 1 in Relation to Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease Patients
Author(s) -
REZAIE ALI,
GHORBANI FAKHTEH,
ESHGHTORK AZADEH,
ZAMANI MOHAMMAD J.,
DEHGHAN GHOLAMREZA,
TAGHAVI BARDIA,
NIKFAR SHEKOUFEH,
MOHAMMADIRAD AZADEH,
DARYANI NASSER E.,
ABDOLLAHI MOHAMMAD
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1196/annals.1378.060
Subject(s) - medicine , uric acid , nitric oxide , oxidative stress , saliva , gastroenterology , pathophysiology , lipid peroxidation , albumin , crohn's disease , antioxidant , endocrinology , disease , chemistry , biochemistry
It has been postulated that oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), and transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF‐ β 1 ) have major roles in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to determine the salivary levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), specific antioxidants (i.e., uric acid, albumin, transferrin, and thiol molecules), lipid peroxidation (LPO), NO, and TGF‐ β 1 in CD patients and control subjects and to also investigate their correlation with activity of the disease. Twenty‐eight patients with confirmed diagnosis of CD were enrolled and whole saliva samples were obtained. Smokers, diabetics, those who suffered from periodontitis, and those who were consuming antioxidant supplements were excluded from the study. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was used to determine the severity of the disease. Twenty healthy subjects were also recruited. In CD patients significant reductions in salivary levels of TAC (0.248 ± 0.145 vs. 0.342 ± 0.110 mmol/L), albumin (1.79 ± 0.42 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL), and uric acid (3.1 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 2.0 mg/dL) were found. TGF‐β 1 was significantly increased in CD patients compared to healthy subjects (3.02 ± 1.54 vs. 2.36 ± 0.52 ng/mL). A fourfold increase in NO levels (198.8 ± 39.9 vs. 50.2 ± 21.3 μmol/L) along with a fivefold increase in LPO concentration (0.146 ± 0.064 vs. 0.027 ± 0.019 μmol/L) was documented in CD patients in comparison to the control group. CDAI significantly correlated with the TAC, LPO, and the interaction between TAC and LPO ( r 2 = 0.625, r 2 = 0.8, F ‐test's P < 0.00005). Saliva of CD patients exhibits an abnormal feature with respect to oxidative stress, NO, and TGF‐β 1 . TAC and LPO modify the effect of each other in determination of CD severity, which underlines the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CD.