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Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes: Similarities and Differences between Asian and Caucasian Populations
Author(s) -
IKEGAMI HIROSHI,
FUJISAWA TOMOMI,
KAWABATA YUMIKO,
NOSO SHINSUKE,
OGIHARA TOSHIO
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1196/annals.1375.008
Subject(s) - ptpn22 , type 2 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , allele , human leukocyte antigen , haplotype , genetics , disease , type 1 diabetes , biology , allele frequency , ethnic group , medicine , genotype , single nucleotide polymorphism , gene , endocrinology , antigen , sociology , anthropology
Transracial studies are a powerful tool for genetic association studies of multifactorial diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. We therefore studied the association of candidate genes, HLA, INS, CTLA4, PTPN22, and SUMO4 , with type 1 diabetes in Asian populations in comparison with Caucasian populations. Class II HLA was strongly associated with type 1 diabetes in both Asian and Caucasian populations, but alleles associated with type 1 diabetes are different among different ethnic groups due to difference in allele distribution in general populations. INS was associated with type 1 diabetes in both Japanese and Caucasian populations, but frequency of disease‐associated haplotype was markedly higher in Japanese than in Caucasian populations. CTLA4 association was reported for both type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) in Caucasian populations, but the association with type 1 diabetes was concentrated in a subset of patients with AITD in Japanese. A variant (R620W) of PTPN22 was consistently associated with type 1 diabetes in Caucasian populations, but the variant was absent in Asian populations including Japanese. M55V variant of SUMO4 was significantly associated with type 1 diabetes in Asians, but genetic heterogeneity between Asian and Caucasian populations was suggested. These data indicate the importance of transracial studies with a large number of samples in each ethnic group in genetic dissection of type 1 diabetes.