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Parathyroid Glands in Calcium Regulation and Human Disease
Author(s) -
ÅKERSTRÖM GÖRAN,
HELLMAN PER,
HESSMAN OLA,
SEGERSTEN ULRIKA,
WESTIN GUNNAR
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1196/annals.1327.005
Subject(s) - endocrinology , medicine , parathyroid hormone , calcium , chemistry , vitamin d and neurology , reabsorption , bone resorption , calcium metabolism , calcitonin , homeostasis , hyperparathyroidism , parathyroid hormone receptor , parathyroid chief cell , kidney , hormone receptor , cancer , breast cancer
A bstract : In humans and other land‐living vertebrates, the parathyroids are known to have an overall regulatory role with action as a thermostat in the systemic calcium homeostasis to ensure tight regulation of serum calcium concentrations and appropriate skeletal mineralization. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84‐amino‐acid peptide, synthesized and released by parathyroid chief cells in response to hypocalcemia. PTH mobilizes calcium by increasing calcium resorption from bone and by raising calcium reabsorption in the proximal kidney tubule. Treatment with active vitamin D can increase vitamin D receptor expression, inhibit growth of parathyroid tumors, and reduce PTH levels in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Newly developed vitamin D analogues with reduced calcemic effects and with more pronounced antiproliferative effect may provide new favorable treatment for reversal of HPT.