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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Author(s) -
DELGADO MARIO,
GONZALEZREY ELENA,
GANEA DOINA
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1196/annals.1317.020
Subject(s) - vasoactive intestinal peptide , cd86 , cd80 , cd11c , immune tolerance , stimulation , downregulation and upregulation , neuropeptide , immune system , lipopolysaccharide , chemistry , cd40 , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , biology , receptor , endocrinology , t cell , in vitro , cytotoxic t cell , phenotype , biochemistry , gene
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance through the induction/activation of regulatory T cells (Treg). Endogenous factors contribute to the functional development of tDCs. In this article, we present evidence that two known immunosuppressive neuropeptides, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), contribute to the development of bone marrow‐derived tDCs. The VIP/PACAP‐generated DCs are CD11c low CD45RB high , do not upregulate CD80, CD86, and CD40 following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and secrete high amounts of IL‐10.The VIP/PACAP‐generated DCs induce functional Treg in vitro and in vivo . VIP/DCs induce antigen‐specific tolerance in vivo , suppress delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH), and T cells from VIP/DC‐inoculated mice transfer the suppression to naïve hosts. The effect of VIP/PACAP on the DC–Treg axis represents an additional mechanism for their general anti‐inflammatory role, particularly in anatomical sites that exhibit immune deviation or privilege.