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The viral manipulation of the host cellular and immune environments to enhance propagation and survival: a focus on RNA viruses
Author(s) -
Mahalingam Surendran,
Meanger Jayesh,
Foster Paul S.,
Lidbury Brett A.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.72.3.429
Subject(s) - biology , immune system , chemokine , virus , viral interference , rna interference , major histocompatibility complex , host (biology) , immunology , virology , antigen presentation , immunity , rna , viral replication , gene , genetics , t cell
Virus infection presents a significant challenge to host survival. The capacity of the virus to replicate and persist in the host is dependent on the status of the host antiviral defense mechanisms. The study of antiviral immunity has revealed efective antiviral host immune responses and enhanced our knowledge of the diversity of viral immunomodulatory strategies that undermine these defences. This review describes the diverse approaches that are used by RNA viruses to trick or evade immune detection and response systems. Some of these approaches include the specific targeting of the major histocompatibility complex‐restricted antigen presentation pathways, apoptosis, disruption of cytokine function and signaling, exploitation of the chemokine system, and interference with humoral immune responses. A detailed insight into interactions of viruses with the immune system may provide direction in the development of new vaccine strategies and novel antiviral compounds.